Deseases relate to population density

Measles, the increasing risk of measles case on post-disaster depends on the measles immunisation coverage of the inhabitants, especially to children under age 15. A dense living environment condition such as refuge area may enable the spread of measles. To prevent the epidemic not to occur it take higher measles immunisation coverage. After the tsunami, 35 measles cases were found in North Aceh and continued sporadic cases all over Aceh area although mass immunisation campaign had been conducted.

Meningitis, caused by Neisseria meningitidis and spread from human to human, especially in a dense living environment. Many cases and deaths caused by meningitis as reported occurred to refugees in Aceh after tsunami; however accurate prophylaxis antibiotic treatment may hamper the spread.

Acute Respiratory Infection ( ARI ) is a disease that often causes high number of sickness and death to refugees, especially children under age 5. Poor acces to health service and insufficient availability of antibiotic can increase the mortality risk caused by ARI. The risk factor to refugees may also increase due to the circumstances; they generally saty in a dense living environment, contaminated by smoke and dust, sleep in a same room and have bad nutrition. As reported that SARS is the major case and cause the highest death toll to refugees after tsunami in Aceh.